Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. explored isthmus of panama. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. Hispaniola is a marvel. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. Gallery. . Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. . Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. However, the reality is far more complex. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Mastering Multiple Choice Questions on the AP World History Exam (Section I: Part A), Commercial Revolution History & Impact | Commercial Revolution Overview, Absolutism in France: Monarchy & Power | Louis XIV & the Age of Absolutism, Alauddin Khilji: Economic Policy, Administration & Agrarian Reforms, High School World History: Homework Help Resource, Glencoe U.S. History - The American Vision: Online Textbook Help, Prentice Hall World History Connections to Today Volume 1: Online Textbook Help, Major Events in World History Study Guide, MTTC Social Studies (Secondary) (084) Prep, TECEP World History (1600 to Present): Study Guide & Test Prep, History, Culture & People of the Americas, CLEP Western Civilization I: Study Guide & Test Prep, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, Create an account to start this course today. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Notes FAQ Contact . What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? 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Eventually they blocked access altogether. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. spices, of Asia. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. 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