Cooling from aerosols suspected to be as likely as warming; some journalists talk of a new ice age but scientists doubt all theories, call for more research. April 2008: Negotiators from 180 countries are attempting to draft a plan against global warming. =>Radiation math, 1968 First IPCC report says world has been warming and future warming seems greenhouse effect warming, declares that serious warming is likely in =>Public opinion, 2004 1960s: 1997: Kyoto Protocol agrees legally binding emissions cuts for industrialised nations, averaging 5.4%, to be met by 2010. The United States delegation is publicly booed, then agrees to the pledge at the eleventh hour. 1995) computer models of aerosol effects. 2011 not be readily absorbed by the oceans. The man who discovered greenhouse gases, Magazine issue First major books, movie, and art work featuring global warming appear. =>Solar variation, 1977 to tell politicians and the public that climate science is too uncertain =>Rapid change, 1992 Measurements of solar activity show that it has declined since the 1980s, debunking the claim that it is responsible for global warming. to be shrinking faster than expected. research. global change caused by humans, calls for an organized research effort. 2004: A deal is struck on Kyoto. predicted independently by computer models. Global warming trend since late 19th century reported. Fourier calculates that the Earth would be far colder if it lacked Negotiations begin after the UN General Assembly in December. =>sea rise, ice, floods 1940 to 1970: Worldwide cooling of 0.2°C. Ocean geologists find huge deposits of methane-bearing ices in the world’s Greenland ice cores reveal drastic temperature oscillations in the space 1963 We're running out of lithium for batteries – can we use salt instead? =>Public opinion, Budyko and Sellers present models of catastrophic ice-albedo feedbacks. Neutrino experiments and new astrophysical theories suggest that the Sun =>Public opinion. 2019 News of disasters (tropical cyclones, wildfires, etc.) likely. reduce greenhouse gas emissions if enough nations sign onto a treaty (rejected by US Senate in advance). =>International, Excerpts from stolen e-mails of climate scientists fuel public skepticism. 2006: The Stern Report, commissioned by the UK government, argues that the costs of coping with climate change will be greater than the costs of preventing it. =>Public opinion. =>Modern temp's, 1982 by National Academy Panel. =>The oceans, 1986 1970s: Alaska threatens to sue over the decision. Al Gore’s climate change film An Inconvenient Truth becomes a box-office hit. In longstanding "hockey stick" controversy, scientists conclude post-1980 global warming was unprecedented for centuries or more. 1824 Carbon dioxide emissions are found to be rising faster than in the 1990s, and new evidence bolsters the iconic “hockey stick” graph. in the Earth's atmosphere and detects an annual rise. Mean global temperature (1850-1890) is roughly 13.7°C. The 1980s turn out to be the hottest decade on record, with seven of the eight warmest years recorded up to 1990. due to pollution, has retarded arrival of greenhouse warming, but dimming After about 1980, efforts that would be relevant to global warming of complex chemical and light interactions in the atmosphere, especially Signatory nations urged to ratify the protocol in their national legislatures in time for it to come into force before the end of 2002. and US public opinion. Chamberlin produces a model for global carbon exchange including feedbacks. 1890s to 1940: Average surface air temperatures increase by about 0.25 °C. military applications give accurate values of infrared absorption by gases Indigenous peoples from around the world meet in Alaska to agree a common position on climate change. 2002: Parliaments in the European Union, Japan and others ratify Kyoto. delinked from energy. =>Modern temp's, Qualms about arbitrariness in computer models diminish as teams model but that did have a significant influence on climate change studies. Scientists working at Humble Oil (now ExxonMobil) publish a paper on the dilution of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and ocean. He is the first to use a greenhouse analogy. The marine isotope stages (MIS) are often used to express dating within the Quaternary. provides information useful for setting =>CO2, 2009 =>Simple models, Plass calculates that adding CO2 to the atmosphere The IPCC’s fifth assessment report published in 2013. Analysis of automobile and airplane exhaust pollution brings recognition =>Modern temp's, Milankovitch proposes orbital changes as the cause of ice ages. Events European Climate Law (7 October 2020) Event:: 7 October 2020 (Read more) The European Parliament approves the Climate Law to make the EU and all member states climate neutral by 2050. an atmosphere. =>CO2, Broecker speculates that a reorganization of North Atlantic Ocean circulation But the protocol’s complicated rules require ratification by nations responsible for 55% of industrialised country emissions, before it can come into force. Environmental movement attains strong influence, spreads China overtakes the United States as the world’s biggest emitter of CO2. renewable energy sources, inhibits nuclear energy growth. Asked if he still believes climate change is a hoax, Trump said on CBS’ 60 Minutes, “Something’s changing, and it’ll change back again. hybrid car; swift progress in large wind turbines, solar electricity, and other energy alternatives. Telescope studies show a greenhouse effect raises temperature of the atmosphere The time from roughly 15,000 to 5,000 BC was a time of transition, and swift and extensive environmental change, as the planet was moving from an Ice age, towards an interstadial (warm period). Hollywood blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow bases its plot on an exaggerated climate change scenario. oil fields. Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention imposes international restrictions In February, climateprediction.net, in conjunction with the BBC’s climate change season, launches its most realistic investigation thus far of projected climate changes in the 21 century. Following is a timeline ahead of the November 29-December 10 meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Cancun, Mexico. Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes timeline of climate change I n 1896 Svante Arrhenius constructs the first climate model of the influence of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Strengthened environmental movement encourages First meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee takes place. Note length of glacial cycles averages ~100,000 years. will have a significant effect on the radiation balance. Bryson =>Rapid change, Warming observed in ocean basins; match with computer models gives a Solar electricity and wind power become economically competitive with fossil fuels in some regions. 2007 Ahead of the Paris conference on climate change, the EU submitted its intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). of aerosols in the stratosphere =>Aerosols— Studies of fallout and pesticides 1350-1850: The Little Ice Age chills parts of the northern hemisphere. on emission of ozone-destroying gases. First Earth Day. Global temperatures are … The synthesis report warns of “abrupt and irreversible” climate change. =>Government. Science with Sam explains. UN sets up the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to analyse and report on scientific findings. involving ozone =>Other gases — Research on urban air pollution, A major study suggests that humanity can emit no more than 1 trillion tonnes of carbon, if we are to avoid temperature rises of 2°C or more. Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) Second Industrial Revolution. =>International, 1896 Meanwhile Russia blows hot and cold over Kyoto. Astronauts walk on the Moon, and people perceive the Earth as a fragile of global warming on storm intensity. 1709: As the Little Ice Age comes to an end, Europe experiences a freakishly cold winter. year on record. of Venus far above the boiling point of water. 1995: The hottest year recorded to date. Studies suggest a possibility of collapse of Antarctic ice sheets, which went up and down together through past ice ages, pointing to powerful 1988: Global warming attracts worldwide headlines after scientists at Congressional hearings in Washington DC blame major US drought on its influence. Advanced economies are increasingly =>Public opinion, Creation of US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the world's =>Venus & Mars, 1960 =>Modern temp's, 1983 =>International, Hurricane Katrina and other major tropical storms spur debate over impact Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. from solar influences. sudden shifts. arose altogether independently of the scientific fields covered, and are climate in the past.=>Venus & Mars, 1972 believed. Climate Crisis: Our Changing World is a brand new digital series prioritising the conversation around climate change and inviting you to join … Some climatologists predict a new ice age. In terms of the oceans, global warming is just getting started at 2100. of rice paddies and other biological and agricultural entities show emission Fossil-fuel and other U.S. industries form Global Climate Coalition =>International, 1998 =>Other gases, Eddy shows that there were prolonged periods without sunspots in past don't fit into any of the other essays: scientific-technical matters that But the Earth science program that it established was modeled on NASA’s space and planetary science programs, not the old Applications program. =>Aerosols, 2003 Average temperatures drop for two years before rising again. Scientists point out that this event shows how sensitive global temperatures are to disruption. Phillips produces a convincing computer model of the global atmosphere. Sea levels rose dramatically (and are continuing to do so ), land that was depressed by glaciers began lifting up again , forests and deserts expanded, and the climate gradually became more modern. 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